RESUMO
Background: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the intratubular penetration percentage in the perimeter of the canals of the calcium silicate-based sealer HiFlow, using three warm obturation techniques, continuous wave (CW) and vertical condensation (VC) with two different types of gutta-percha (conventional (NG) and bioceramic-coated (BG), GuttaCore (GC) and single cone (SC) with BG in different root thirds. Material and Methods: 180 human teeth with a single root were selected including incisors, canines and premolars were prepared and randomly divided into six groups (n=30). Teeth were filled using a bioceramic sealer TotalFill BC Sealer HiFlow (HiFlow) and two different types of gutta-percha, with CW, VC and GC techniques, the teeth in the control group were filled with SC technique and BG gutta-percha. The teeth were sectioned and evaluated as one-third portions in each case under a confocal laser microscope. The penetration ability in the canal's perimeter was carried out with the Autocad® programme. Data was analyzed using Levene's test (p<0,05), ANOVA test (p<0,05), Welch's comparison test (p<0,05), Games-Howell multiple comparison test (p<0,05), Bonferroni test (p<0,05). Results: The percentages relative to penetration was higher in the warm obturation techniques than the SC in all thirds evaluated. Games-Howell test (p<0,05) showed up significant differences in multiple comparisons. There was greater penetration in the perimeter of the canals in the coronal third than in the apical third in all of the techniques. Conclusions: The warm obturation techniques (CW, VC and GC) generated a greater intratubular penetration percentage in the canal perimeter of the sealer than the single cone in all thirds. Key words:HiFlow, calcium silicate-based sealer, confocal laser microscope, dentinal tubules.
RESUMO
Objective: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the intratubular penetration area of a bioceramic sealer, using continuous wave (CW), vertical condensation (VC) with two different types of gutta-percha (conventional (NG) and bioceramic-coated (BG)) and single cone (SC) technique with BG gutta-percha, in different root thirds. Methods: A total of 150 mature single-root human teeth (including incisors, canines and premolars) were prepared and randomly divided into five groups (n = 30). Teeth were filled using a bioceramic sealer (TotalFill BC Sealer HiFlow ®) and two different types of gutta-percha, with CW and VC techniques, the teeth in the control group were filled with SC technique and BG gutta-percha. The teeth were sectioned and evaluated as one-third portions in each case under a confocal laser microscope. The penetration area measurements were carried out with the Autocad ® programme. Data was analyzed using the one-factor ANOVA test (p < 0.05) and Post Hoc Test (p < 0.05). Results: The ANOVA Test showed significant differences in the penetration areas of the five obturation techniques (P < 0.05). The Post Hoc Test exhibited significant differences in multiple comparisons (P < 0.05). There was more dentinal tubule penetration in the coronal third than in the apical third in all techniques. Conclusions: The intratubular penetration of the bioceramic sealer was influenced by the obturation techniques tested, but not by the different gutta-percha tested. There was more penetration of sealer in the warm obturation techniques than the SC, regardless of the type of gutta-percha used.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar la morfología de las raíces y sistema de conductos de los segundos molares mandibulares permanentes en un grupo de pacientes a los que se les ha realizado una CBCT. Material y métodos: Se analizaron 169 segundos molares mandibulares mediante el aparato CBCT Galileos Sirona. Los criterios de exclusión son: molar endodonciado, diente joven con ápice abierto, imagen borrosa y gran calcificación de conductos. Los aspectos evaluados son: edad, sexo, morfología y número de raíces; morfología y número de conductos; presencia y clasificación de conductos tipo C. Se han utilizado medidas estadísticas test de Kappa, test chi-cuadrado, test t de Student, prueba de tendencia lineal y coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: La anatomía más frecuente es de dos raíces paralelas o convergentes con tres conductos: dos en mesial redondos , y uno en distal redondo. El conducto en C aparece en un 8,8%, de los cuales los más frecuentes son los tipos I y III y con la convexidad hacia lingual en un 71,4%. La variabilidad anatómica es del 23,7%, mayor en mujeres, y existe un alto grado de concordancia entre ambos molares contralaterales. La prevalencia del conducto de forma redondeada aumenta con la edad. Conclusiones: La morfología más común de segundos molares mandibulares es de dos raíces con tres conductos, pero existe una gran variabilidad Anatómica
Objective: Evaluate the root and canal morphology of the mandibular second molars in a group of patients who have been subjected to a CBCT. Material and methods: In this study,169 samples were examined by Sirona Galileos CBCT. Exclusion criteria were: molar endodontic, young tooth with open apex, blur and large calcification root canals. The details evaluated are: age, sex, morphology and number of roots; morphology and number of root canals; presence and classification of C-shaped canal Statistical analysis: Kappa test, chi-square test, Students t test, linear trend test and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The most common anatomy is two parallel or converging roots with three canals: two rounds in mesial and one round in distal. The C-shaped canal was observed in 8.8%.The most common are Type I and III and the grooves were directed lingual in 71.4%. The anatomical variability is 23.7% higher in women, and appears in both contralateral molars in 85.9%. The prevalence of rounded root canal increases with age. Conclusions: The most common morphology of mandibular second
